11/19/2023 0 Comments Apa research manuscript formatGenetic heterogeneity and mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmy in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. found that there was no histochemical evidence of mitochondrial myopathy.” Vancouver Style reference listįor the reference list, put the names of up to six authors. However, if an author is named in a sentence, use “et al.” for publications with more than one author. Vancouver Style uses numbers for in-text citations, so using “et al.” is not a concern. It's a concise style that works well for hyperlinking and with referencing software such as EndNote. It's now widely used for journal referencing in medicine, health sciences, and life sciences, and even in technology. The Vancouver Style guide was developed in Canada by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Writing New Media: Theory and Applications for Expanding the Teaching of Composition. MLA Style reference listįor the reference list, known as the Works Cited list in MLA Style, publications with three or more authors will look like this: Use “et al.” for sources with three or more authors for both in-text citations and in the references list. Instead, it uses the authors' last names and the relevant page number. Unlike APA Style, MLA Style doesn't use the year in the citation. Nothing makes it especially unique, but it has its own slight differences. MLA Style is most commonly used in the humanities. Be careful with those, especially if you have a picky adviser or run into a picky peer reviewer or journal editor. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(10), 2043-2061.ĪPA Style is rather idiosyncratic with its combinations of spaces and commas. The subseasonal experiment (SubX): A multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment. Journal of Marketing, 83(5), 5-27.įor a source with 20 or more authors put the first six authors, followed by an ellipsis (…) and then the final author. For example:Įckhardt, G., Houston, M., Jiang, B., Lamberton, C., Rindfleisch, A. in the in-text citations.įor publications with 3–20 authors put all the authors. But knowing how to prepare the list can help you know when to use et al. The “et al.” abbreviation is not used in the APA references list. Many will not be familiar with the current style, so be sure to check. It used to be more confusing, as up to five authors were listed at first reference and then et al. is now simply used for three-plus authors. The main difference in APA Style in-text citations is their use of the ampersand (&) symbol. The previous versions required listing more authors in the in-text citations, and had some differences in the reference list requirements. Note that these rules are based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Seventh Edition (APA 7). For three or more authors, cite the first author followed by “et al.” Keep up to date on the latest APA style as well.įor in-text citations in APA Style, when a source has two authors, list both authors by their last names, followed by the publication year. APA (American Psychological Association) StyleĪPA is commonly used in the social sciences and medicine, both in universities and in publications. The following sections will show how to use “et al.” in APA, MLA, Vancouver, and other main referencing styles, especially those found in journals. Some of these styles are updated regularly, so always be sure to check with your professor and/or with your target publication's guidelines. Let's look at the main ones you'll typically see when you're seeking to publish your scientific manuscript. It's short for et alia (or the respective masculine and feminine plural et alii or et aliae) – Latin for “and others.” The abbreviation is required, but it also makes writing easier to read, helping the reader find the cited works faster.Įven experienced authors have trouble with “et al.” because many major academic writing style guides, as well as specific journals, use it slightly differently. Exactly how and where to use it varies depending on the prescribed style, such as APA, AMA, Harvard, Vancouver, or that of a specific publication. is used in manuscript body text and in reference lists and footnotes. For example, instead of an in-text citation reading (Schouten, McAlexander, Smith, Rogers, & Koenig 2010), it would simply be (Schouten et al., 2010).Įt al. You use “et al.” in academic writing to cite a publication that has multiple authors (or other contributors, such as editors). For someone who speaks a non-Latin-origin language, like Japanese or Arabic, it's especially confusing. The term “et al.”, for instance, isn't an English word. Some aren't English, and some aren't words. In scholarly papers, citation rules definitely have some strange terms.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |